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A recent paper published in Biological Reviews highlights the limitations of the longstanding bias toward using only male animals in preclinical research and emphasizes the importance of including both sexes in experimental designs.
The study shows that a large proportion of behavioural research still relies on male-only cohorts, despite clear evidence that sex-specific differences influence behaviour and disease outcomes. Advanced home-cage monitoring (HCM) technologies, such as Tecniplast’s DVC® systems, enable continuous and non-invasive data collection, providing a more accurate representation of natural behaviour.
These approaches make it possible to detect sex-dependent patterns that are often missed by conventional testing methods. The findings also challenge the assumption that female animals are more variable, showing instead comparable variability between sexes.
Furthermore, DVC® monitoring highlights differences in activity, circadian rhythms, and responses to routine procedures, as well as sex-specific trends in disease models.
Overall, combining the inclusion of both sexes with continuous monitoring technologies supports more robust and translational research, while aligning with the principles of the 3Rs.
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